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高英（高级英语）复习笔记及讲解
我爱英语网 http://www.52en.com
Lesson One Rock Superstars： What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society ？
1. Rock Superstars摇滚乐超级明星rock： rock music ， rock ' n ' roll（ or ： rock
and roll）摇滚乐早期的摇滚乐是源于美国的民歌（ folk ）爵士乐（ jazz ）勃鲁斯歌曲（blues ）
等的一种音乐，其特征是具有强烈的节奏（ rhythm ）单纯的旋律（ melody ）一再重复的歌词和音符
的后拍音（ after beat ）
2. Rock is the music of teenage rebellion . 摇滚乐是青少年的反叛音乐a. teenage adj.
pertaining to a teenager（ 13 至 19 岁的）青少年的。
其名词形式为teenager：（13至19岁的青少年）。
b. rebellion： resistance to or defiance of any authority 造反，反派。
如；a rebellion against old traditions对旧传统的反叛。
3. By a man ' s heroes ye shall know him .你将从一个人崇拜的英雄得知其人。
a.这句句子的句型与英语中常说的 judge a man by the company he keeps（以一个人所交的
朋友断定其为人）很相似。
b. ye = you 用于古英语或诗歌中，是第二人称代词thou的复数。
如：Ye are the salt of the earth .你们是社会的中坚。（出自<<圣经>>）
4. '' Midnight Rambler '' ：ramble： walk for pleasure漫游，既可表动词，也可作名词。
如；They rambled through the woods. 他们在林中漫步。
5.…… he said， '' grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform ，
sprinkling its contents over the first rows of sweltering listeners …… '' a. grab ： to
seize suddenly， eagerly， or roughly ； snstch 急抓，夺取。
如： He jumped up from the table， grabbed his hat and ran out of the door .他从桌
子旁跳了起来，抓起自己的帽子，奔出门去。
另外，grab后面可以跟其他名词或名词短语。
如：grab a shower 快速冲了澡，grab a sandwich ，胡乱吃了一个三明治，grab a taxi 赶
搭出租车。
有时，还可以作不及物动词。
如：He grabbed at the opportunity of going abroad . 他设法抓住这次出国的机会 b. sprinkle
： to scatter drops or particles of water ， powder or the like on洒液体，撒粉末等（于……
上）。
如：They sprinkled ashes on the icy sidewalk .他们在积水溜滑的人行道上撒了灰。
We sprinkle the lawn every day .我们每天给草坪洒水。
以'' sprinkling ''引导的短语是动词的 '' - ing ''形式作伴随状语。
再如：They stood there， watching the basketball .他们站在那里，观看篮球比赛。
6. They surge to follow him ， eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops . a. surge
： to move or swell forward in or like waves如波涛汹涌而至。
A crowd surged out of the theater . 观众从剧院里蜂拥而出。
b.以形容词'' eager '' 引导的不定式词组在语法功能上起着并列分句的作用。
7. Some 14，000 screaming fans were cruching up to the front of the stage at Capital
Center，……
a. some ：（ before a number） approximately， about（在数字前）大约。
如：some twenty students大约20个学生。
b. scream to make a loud， sharp cry尖声大叫。
'' screaming '' 是动词 scream 的 '' - ing ''形式作前置修饰语， '' screaming fans ''
意为" 尖声大叫的歌迷" c. crunch ： to proceed with a crushing noise 嘎吱嘎吱地往前。
如：The children crunched through the snow .孩子们嘎吱嘎吱地踩着雪走。
8. I ought to be crawling on my knees . a. crawled： to move with the face downward
and the boye close to the ground爬行。
如；The bus crawled along . 公共汽车缓慢地行进。
注意：短语 crawl into the favor of one's superiors表示" 卑躬屈膝地讨好上司". b. on
one's knees ：双膝跪地。
9. How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship？
a. feel about ： consider ， think of 觉得，感到。经常用于疑问句中，如：How do you
feel about the suggestion ？你认为这个建议怎么样？
b. adulation是adulate 的名词形式。
adulate ： flatter or admire excessively过分赞赏，奉承，恭维。
如：One can hardly understand why young people so adulate film stars. 年轻人为什么
如此过分赞赏影星，真让人费解。
10. Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown， perhaps because he acts out your
wildest fantasies ？
a. draw ： atteact吸引。
如：Some mutual interests draw us together .一些共同的兴趣把我们吸引到一块了。
b. somehow： in some way not specified or known 不知什么缘故。
如：Somehow I don't like this novel though it is so popular . 这本小说虽然很流行，
但不知什么原因我却不喜欢它。
c. fantasy： imagination， esp. when it is let free and not held back （自由奔放的）
想象，幻想，狂想。
wildest fantasies ，最为狂妄的奇想。
11. These aren't idle questions . idle： of no real worth or purpose无聊的。
如：idle rumor无聊的谎言。
12. Horwitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum ， a place where
ideas clash and crash . a. see…… as ……： consider …… as ……把……看作……
b. forum： a meeting place of discussion of matters of public interest论坛。
c. a place是a sort of debating forum的同位语，后面由 where引导的句子是定语从句，修
饰 a place. '' ideas chash and crash '' 意为" 各种思想冲撞".
13. '' The redefinition ， '' Horowitz says '' is a task uniquely performed by the
young ……'' '' uniquely performed by the young ''是过去分词短语，用于修饰前面的''a task''.
14. It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration ，……
a.it is …… who（ that ）是强调句式。
b.alone ：（ after a noun or pronoun） only （在名词或代词后面）仅，只。
His name alone was enough to draw a large audience .仅仅他的名字就足以吸引一大批观
众。
15. '' Rock music ，'' he says '' is really a sociological expression rather than
a musical force . '' rather than： instead of 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者。）
比如：He is a poet rather than a novelist . 与其说他是小说家，不如说他是诗人。
这里介绍另一个短语or rather ，意为 more exactly 更为确切地说".如：late last night ，
or rather early this morning昨天深夜，更为确切地说，是今天清晨。
16. It's just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s
. a.句中的it有 the reason 的意思， that = be cause . b. embody： give a definite form to具
体体现如：The statue embodies the sentiment of the sculptor . 这尊塑像表现了雕像家的感情。
The latest model of the lorry embodies many improvements .卡车的最新式样体现了许多
改进的地方。
17. TV network banned him . a. network： a group of radio or television stations linked
by wire or microwaves （广播，电视）广播网 b. ban ： prohibit ， forbid 禁止。
如：Students are banned from reading dirty books .禁止学生阅读色情书刊。
18. Most of the older viewers frowned ， while most of the younger viewers applauded
. a. frown： to wrinkle the forehead， such as when one is displeased or in deep thought皱
眉。
如：听到我说错了答案，他便皱起了眉头。
短语frown on（ upon ）表示" 不赞同".如：He frowned upon my plan . 他不赞同我的计划。
b. applaud： to clap the hands together in approval or appreciation 鼓掌喝彩；称赞。
如：The audience applauded wildly . 观众热烈鼓掌。
c.连接词while 在这里表示对照，再如：I like books while my brother loves sports .我
喜欢书，而我的兄弟则热衷于体育。
19. The Rolling Stones， arrogant street-fighting men ， demanded revolution . arrogant
： acting as if one were more important than others 傲慢的；妄自尊大的。
如；He was just too arrogant to his subordinates .他对他的部下太傲慢了。
20. Feelings， always a part of any musical statement ， were a major subject . 这
里always a part of any musical statement是feelings的同位语。
21. The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate . range
： a number of different things of the same general sort or type（变动的，可供选择的）范围
；幅度。
如：a range of colors to choose from可以选择的一系列颜色；a range of prices from 5
yuan to 50 yuan 从5 元到50元不等的各种价格。
22. This country element， Horowitz feels ， helped its audience express an urge to
'' get away from it all ， '' ……
urge： an instincitve drive . 冲动。
如：I felt an urge to further my studies in Europe .我有一种去欧洲深造的冲动。
23. ……these rock musicians mirror feelings……
mirror： reflect反映。
如：The election result reflects their opinions.选举结果反映了他们的观点。
24. …… where it's heading ？
head（ for）： move toward（朝某一方向）前进。
如：They were heading for the deep jungle for hunting . 他们去丛林深处打猎。
Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People 1.Jim Binns……wrote me about some of his
misgivings. misgiving ：worry ，concern （常用复数）（对未来之事）疑虑不安，怀疑。如：I like
your scheme in principle；my only misgiving is that it may require too large a sum of money.
我原则上喜欢你的计划，唯一担心的是花销可能太大。
2 ……our generation views the adult world with great skepticism……
skepticism：doubt ，suspicion 怀疑（态度）；怀疑主义be skeptical about：对……持怀
疑太度；不相信。如：He is skeptical about everything .他对一切事物都抱怀疑态度。
with a skeptical expression 带着怀疑的表情。
3.Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. contemprary adj.同时代的，
当代；n.同时代的人。如：our contemporaries和我们同时代的人同义词：peer同等的人，同辈。如：
without a peer无匹敌的
4.The people responsible are， presumably ， the adults who ……
a.responsible ：1 ）（放在名词后面）应负责任的。如：I hold you responsible for the
safety of her family. 我就把她家的安全交给你了。2 ）（放在名词前面）（工作、地为等）责任重
的，有责任的。
如：a responsible position要职。3 ）（人）可靠的，可信赖的，如：a responsible person
有责任心的人。
b.presumably：perhpas 大概，推测起来，可能。
5.These conclusions strike me as reasonable ，……strike sb.+adj. （or n. ）：使…
…感觉（是）。如：At first the idea struck me as stupid.起初，这个主意让我觉得很愚蠢。
He strikes me as an houest man .他让我觉得是个诚实的人。
6.The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is
imperfect （we can take that for granted），but ……
a.relevant：有关的。如：relevant information有关信息。若作表语，后面通常跟由介词to
引导的短语。
如；The judge ruled that the evidence was not relevant to the case .法官认定证据与
本案无关。
b. imperfect：不完美，由perfect （完美）加否定前缀im- 构成。
另如：pemissible-impermissible， possible-impossible， proper-improper， pureimpure
，mobile-immobile， mortal-immortal. c. take for granted ：视……为当然。
如： You should not take his help for granted . 你不应该认为他的帮忙是当然的事。
7. For all is harshness and irrationality ， it is the only world we've got . a. for
all ……尽管。
如：For all his learning， he is not wise . 他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪明。 For all
his efforts ， he didn't succeed .他还是个正派的人。
b. harsh：残酷的；无情的；刻薄的。
如：She was very harsh with her servant . 她对用人非常刻薄。
We have to face harsh realities . 我们得面对残酷的现实。
c. rational ：有理性的，通情达理的。
如：Man is a rational thing . 人是有理性的动物。
Do you consider it a rational explanation ？你觉得这种解释合理吗？
irrational：不理智， ir-为否定前缀。
另如：irreducible ， irrregular ， irreparble ， irreversible .
8. Choosing a strategy to cope with it， then ， is ……
a. strategy ：战略，与之相对的是tactics （战术）
b. cope with： to struggle or contend ， esp . with some degree of success应付，处
理。
如：They proposed several possibilities for coping with the crisis. 他们提出了对付
危机的几种可能方案。
He is unable to cope with the duties of her new position .他不能应付新岗位的职责。
9. So far as I have been able to discover ， there are four basic alternatives. a.
so far as ： =as far as ， to the extent that 就……而言，从……来看。
如：His conduct ， so far as I can see， is unjustifiable . 就我看来，他凭一已之力
将不可能完成这样巨大的项目。
b. alternative： one of more than two possibilities 数种可能之一，可代替的。
如：There are alternative answer to this question . 这个问题有几种可能的答案。
An alternative plan is to apply for a loan. 另一种可能的方案就是申请贷款。
10. Drop Out drop out ： to withdraw from 退出。
如：He has decided to drop out of politics .他已经决定退出政坛。
Seven students dropped out of university last year .去年有七个学生从大学里退了学。
11. This is one of the oldest expedient ，……=expedient： a temporary means to an
end 权宜之计如：resort to an expedient采取权宜之计
12. In one way or another ， its practitioners batten on the society which……
a.（in） one way or another ：以这样或那样的方式；在某方面。
如：The project must be completed by the end of this month（in） one way or another
. 不管用什么方式，这个项目必须在这个月底结束。
b. batten on： thrive ， or prosper ， or live in luxury（on）（esp. at the expoense
of others ）
（靠他人牺牲而）兴旺，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊
13. Some of us find this distasteful -an undignified kind of life . distasteful ：
disagreeable； unpleasant 讨厌的，令人不愉快的。
如：Jazz is distasteful to me . 我讨厌爵士乐。（爵士乐不合我的口味）
14. But for the poor in spirit， with low levels of both energy and pride ， it may
be the least intolerable choice available . avaible ： ready for use； readily obtainable
a.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。
如：employ all means available采用一切可能的方法。
The dress is available in all sizes . 这种款式的服装大小尺寸都有。
b.（人）有空的。
如：I'll be available tomorrow morning .我明天早上有空。
15. This strategy has ancient antecedents . antecedent： preceding thing or circumstance ，
esp.（pl. ）past history of a person前事，前情；（复数）身世，经历，人的过去历史。
如； a woman of shady antecedent一个来历可疑的女人
16. …… that is， the city ， with all its ugliness and tension . tension： mental
strain紧张。
如：under extreme tension 处于极度紧张/ （复数-s）紧张（状态）。
如：the tension between labor and mangement 劳资间关系的紧张
17. The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is on a large scale . on a
large scale ：大规模。
另如：on a tremendous scale 极大的规模。
The project was undertaken on a grand scale . 这个项目规模很大。
The reform is carried out on an enormous scale .改革的幅度极大。
18. Out planet， unfortunately， is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.
run out of： become short of， become exhausted 用完。
如； We ran out of petrol the other day . 那一天我们汽油用光了。
We are running out of time .我们已经没有时间了。
19. Plot a Revolution plot： plan secretly密谋。
如：They plotted how to kill him .他们密谋如何杀死他。
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.犯罪密谋抢银行。
20. …… those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process
and who believe that the institytion can only be changed by force . a. tedious： long and
tiresome冗长乏味的。
如：a tedious lecture 冗长的演讲；tedious work乏味的工作b. working（s ）： action ，
operation 工作，运作。
如：the workings of the mind， the workings of the nature 自然的运作
21. To them it offers a romantic appeal ， usually symbolized by some dashing and
charismatic figure . a. a romantic appeal ： appeal n.： the power to attract the mind or
emotions吸引力。
如：Such life has no appeal for me .这种生活对我没有吸引力。
That sort of music has lost its appeal for me . 这种音乐已经失去了对我的吸引力。
v. appeal to：吸引。
如：Does the menu appeal to me？菜单吸引我了吗？
The novel appeals to women .这本小说吸引女性读者。
b. dashing： vigorously lovely； brilliant or showy 精力充沛的；华丽的c. charismatic
名词形式为charisma（使大众信服的）领袖魅力
22. Let's smash it and build something better on the ruins . on the ruins ： the remains
of destroyed or decaying or town废墟，遗迹，残骸。
如：the ruins of a castle 一座城堡的废墟
23. These are the ones whose revolution did not come off，……
come off： happen ， occur发生。
如：The invasion came off last week . 入侵是上星期发生的。
To be effective or successful 生效，成功。
如：She didn't come off well in the interview . 她的面试不很成功。
24. I am not， of course， suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing . accomplish
： bring to a successful conclusion ； achievement完成。
如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles实现某种目标/ 取得很大成就/ 实现
奇迹accomplish： skilled， expert 熟练的，内行的。
如：an accomplish golf player 技术精湛的高尔夫运动员accomplishment（s ）修养，才艺。
如：a woman of many accomplishment多才多艺的女人
25. For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed
of， cleansed of all human meanness . cleanse ： make clean 清洗。
如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol . 她用酒精清洗伤口。
cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗灵魂的罪恶
26. At first glance ， this course is far from inviting. inviting ： temptingly attractive
诱人的。
如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 诱人的菜肴
27. It depends on the exasperting and uncertain instruments of persuasion ……
exasperate： annoy extremely令人怒不可遏如：Constant interruptions exasperate me .
不断的中断让我怒火中烧。
28. It demands patience ， always in short supply . （be） in short supply：供应不
足，短缺。
如：Food is in short supply . 食物供应不足。
Honesty is in short supply .缺乏诚实（的人）。
29. …… as soon as you capture one mountain range， another one looms just ahead
. loom： come into view in indistint and enlarged form忽隐忽现。
如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist .冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现。
Dangers are looming ahead . 危险阴森森地逼近。
30. …… of coping with war in unfamiliar guises . guise： a false or assumed appearance
or disguise 外貌，伪装。
如：an old idea in a new guise老观念新面貌（新瓶装旧酒）
in the guise of 打扮成……的样子。
如：the king in the guise of a beggar 装扮成乞丐的国王under the guise of以……为借
口。
如：under the guise of friendship 以友谊为幌子
31. It dawned on us rather suddenly that……
dawn on ： begin to be known， or realized常用先行词it，表示" 明白过来".如：It has
slowly dawned upon me that he will not lend a helping hand to us when we are in trouble.我
慢慢明白，当我们碰到麻烦的时候，他是不会伸出援手的。
Lesson Three 1. startle ： to disturb suddenly as surprise惊吓。
如：starling news/s startling discovery （disturbing，frightening ）令人震惊的新闻
/ 发现He startled us when he slammmed the door so loudly. 他砰的一声把门关上，让我们大吃一
惊。
The noise startled me out of my sleep.喧哗之声把我从梦中惊醒。
2.a. motion ： to make a motion or gesture， as with the hand （用手等）作示意。
如：He motioned me to sit down. 他向我作了个手势，让我坐下。
b. look over： examine， esp . briefly检查。
如：I will look over your paper soon .我会很快看一下你的论文。
We looked over several new models before deciding.我们看过了几种新的模型之后才做了
决定。
He asked my age ， height ， weihgt and marriage status ， and then looked me over
. 他询问了我的年龄，身高，体重和婚姻状况，然后打量了一番。
3. eye sb. up and down上下仔细打量。
如：They eyed the stanger up and down . 他们对那陌生人仔细上下打量了一番。
4. be up to sb. to do sth.： be one's responsbility to do sth.由……负责做……。
如：It's up to you to break the news to him . 应该由你向他透露这条消息。
It's up to them to make the change .应该由他们作这个变化。
5. in profusion ： a great amount quantity（ of something ）充足。
如；a great profusion of colors = colors in rich profusion五颜六色profuse ： adj.
generous， lavish 丰富。
如：The critics were profuse in their praise of the new novel . 批评家慷慨地赞扬了
那部小说。
He was profuse in his thanks for the help.他盛情感激他的帮助。
Be profuse with one's money 花钱大手大脚。
6. a sore throat：喉咙痛， sore ； physically painful or sensitive， such as a wound
or diseased part疼痛如：I'm sore all over from the heavy work I did yesterday . 昨天干了一
天重活，全身上下都痛了。
7. in my best professional manner ：以我最好的职业方式；manner： a way of doing things
做事情的方式。
manner： courtesy 礼貌。
如：good manner 有礼貌。
It's bad manner to spaek with your mouth full . 嘴巴里满满的对人说话是不礼貌的。
8. coax ： attempt to influence by gentle persuasion哄骗。
如：He tried to coax the secret from me . 他试图哄骗我说出秘方。
9. on the chance： counting on the slight possibility 怀着希望，也许可能。
on the off chance ：抱着微弱的希望。
如；She applied on the off chance . 她抱着微弱的希望作了申请。
He offered the information on the chance that it might prove useful.他提供了信息，
指望能有所帮助。
10. admonish： to warn or caution gently， to report mildly 训诫。
如；admonish sb. against sth. 劝戒……提防……： The teacher admonshed us against
being late .（ = us not to be late .）老师训教我们不要迟到。
He admonished him of the need for sincerity.他警告我为人必须真诚。
11. a. savage ： mercilessly cruel， uncivillzeed ， wild 野蛮的。
如：a savage attack on野蛮攻击； a savage lion野蛮的狮子： savage manners 野蛮的态
度savage scenery残酷的场面。
12. a. ensue： follow as a consequence跟随，紧跟。
如：After the heavy rains ， floods ensued. 大雨之后紧跟着发了洪水。
during the ensuing months / in the enusing year 随后的几个月/ 年；the war and the
ensuing disorder战争以及随后紧跟着的混乱。
b. abject ： humiliating and wretched ； contemptible and despicable可怜，可鄙的。
如：an abject apology 低声下气的道歉。
a. crushed： subdued压服。
13. a. agony： extreme and prolonged suffering极大的痛苦。
如：in agony处于痛苦之中；pile up the agony 苦上加苦；in an agony of joy悲喜交加。
b. apprehension ； uneasiness and fear恐惧，担心。
如：feel（show） apprehensions for the safety （failure ）对安全（失败）感到（显得）
很担心。
14. let go of 松开，放开。
如：He let go of the rope . 他放开了绳子。
15. clench： close tightly紧紧抓住。
如：He clenched the cigar in his teeth .他用牙齿紧紧夹住香烟。
He clenched his fists in frustrations . 他沮丧地紧握拳头。
with clenched teeth 咬紧牙关。
16. a. desist ： to cease ， such as from some action 停止。
如；The company was forced to desist from false advertising . 公司被迫停止虚假广告。
They desisted from evil ways .他们停止为非作歹。
b. " should + 不定式完成体" 在这里所表示的是一种非真实情况，表达了作者一种遗憾的感
情色彩。
在如：I should have come earlier .我本该早点来。
He should have taken my advice .他本应接受我的建议。
17. a. neglect=negligence 疏忽neglect ： pay no attention or too little attention
to不（够）重视，注意。
如；You shouldn't neglect your health . 你不应该忽视自己的健康。
Benign neglect善意的疏忽；total neglect 完全疏忽；parental neglect养子不教。
b. case ： the actual state of things 情况。
如；If that's the case， you'd better give it up .如果情况确实如此，你最好放弃。
18. go at assault ； begin or proceed vigorously攻击，开始，进发。
如；The tow cocks are going at each other . 两个公鸡互相争斗。
The students tend to go at their studies before the examination . 学生一般会在考试
前才开始学习。
19. beyond reason 没有理由。 beyond ： outside the limits of……超出……范围。
如：beyond human power超出人力所能为；beyond human endurance让人无法忍受；beyond description
难以形容。
20. overpower ： 1） overcome （someone or something） by superior force压倒，制服
2 ） affect or impress deeply or powerfully 使……无法忍受。
be overpowered by heat（grief ）炎热（悲痛）难忍。
Lesson Four 1. dodge： avoid， evade or elude 逃避。
如；He was accused of dodging his taxes . 他被指控逃税。
You shouldn't dodge your responsibilities.你不能回避责认。
move aside suddenly 突然闪开。
如：I dodged out of the way when he threw a chair at me . 他将椅子向我扔来的时候，
我急忙闪开。
2. condemn： express an unfavorable judgement or opinion of 谴责。
如：We condemned empty talk instead of hard work. 我们谴责只说空话不务实的行为。
3. to come to light ： to be discovered or revealed 暴露。
如；On investigation some new facts came to light . 一经调查，一些新的事实就被暴露
了。
It has now come to light that he was financially backed by some interest group. 人
们刚刚得知，他受到了某个利益集团的经济支持。
4. languish ： 1） become feeble；droop ； lose liveliness or the will to do things
凋萎，有气无力。
如；languish from the heat /in prison/ in his dull job由于天气炎热/ 坐牢/ 工作乏味
而萎靡不振。
2 ） suffer from a feeling of longing 苦思。
如；languish for some kind words/her love 苦苦期盼一些安慰的话语/ 她的爱。
5. moral： the moral teaching or practical lesson continued in a fable， tale ， experience，
etc.寓意。
如；There is a moral to the story . 这个故事有个寓意。
6. bizarre： unusual in appearance， style， or characters外貌，风格或性格怪异。
如；a bizarre coincidence 一次奇怪的巧合；his bizrre behavior 他怪异的行为。
7. at her own request 根据她本人的要求。
另如：He wrote this book at the request of his……他根据……的要求写了那本书。
8. vote on：就……进行表决。
如：Let's vote on this issue， since we can't agree . 既然我们不能达成一致意见，就
来投票表决吧。
9. inprivate： not publicly ， secretly 私下。
如：Such a thing is best discussed in private . 这种事情最好私下讨论。
He can be very rube in private， though he is usually polite in public .他私下可能
很粗鲁，但在大众面前通常彬彬有礼。
10. taboo adj.忌讳的，禁止的。
如：This topic is taboo on the campus . 校园里忌讳讨论这个话题。
11. A. prolong： cause sth. to continue longer延长。
如：I have to prolong my stay here for another three days . 我必须继续在这里呆三天
时间。
You should not have prolonged the ceremony .你本不该延长仪式的时间。
B. throes ： agony痛苦。
如；in death throes 处于临终痛苦。
12. hold out： continue to last 坚持，挺住。
如：Can you hold out much longer？你能再坚持一段时间吗？
13. administer to apple as a remedy 施用。
如：administer laws 执行法律。
The doctor administered some me medicine to the girl .医生给女孩施用了一些药。
14. comply with ： act in accordance with wishes， requirements or conditions 遵守
（意愿，要求或条件等）。
如；You ought to comply with the rules /the demands/ the law/ the requests. 你应该
遵守规章/ 命令/ 法律/ 要求。
15. pose danger 造成危险。
pose： cause sth. to exist导致产生。
另如：pose problems 引起问题。
16. by contrast 相比之下。
By contrast ， his brother is quite easygoing . 相比之下，他的兄弟比较好相处。
17. usher in： herald 预报，宣告。
如；usher in a new age of prosperity宣告新的繁荣时期的到来。
The rising sun ushered in a new day . 太阳的升起宣告新的一天开始了。
The cuckoo ushered in Spring. 布谷鸟宣布春天到来。
Lesson Five 1. I'd rather …… than ： prefer …… to …… .如：I'd rather deal with
a simple man than a sophisticated man . 我宁愿与纯朴的人打交道，不愿与世故的人交往。
I had rather never have been born than see this day of humiliation. 我宁愿自己未曾
出生，也不愿遭受今天的耻辱。
I would （had ） rather ……但愿（+that 从句中用过去式）。
如：I would rather he didn't tell her about it .我真希望他不告诉她这件事。
I had rather you did it alone . 但愿你一人做。
2. handicap ： 1） any disadvantage that makes success more difficult . 不利的因素。
如：Bad health is a handicap. 身体不好是不利因素。
His lack of English is a great handicap to him .他不懂英语对他是一大缺陷。
2 ） a physical or mental disability残疾。
如：Blindness is a great handicap.眼瞎是一大残疾。
3. at once at the same time ； simultaneously 同时。
如：It's hard for one to do two things at once .人很难同时做两件事。
4. eliminate： get rid of ； remove 消除。
如：to eliminate poverty根除贫穷； eliminate the prejudice消除偏见。
5. brainwash洗脑。
如：Don't let television commercials brainwash you into buying anything you actually
don't need .别让电视广告引诱你购买自己实际不需要的东西。
6. invariably ： always 常常，总是。
如：It's invariably wet when they take their holidays . 他们度假时总是下雨。
His intuition is invariably correct . 他的直觉总是对的。
7. campaign ： a connect set of actions to obtain a particular result in politics
or business （社会，政治，选举）运动；游说，宣传活动。
如：an election campaign选举活动；an advertising campaign 广告宣传；a compaign to
combat crime防止犯罪运动。
8. stereotype ： a conventional ， oversimplified conception陈腔滥调；陈规，老套，
固定的现象。
如：He fits the stereotype of a 'scholar' . 他是典型的''学者''. The idea is an old-fashioned
stereotype .这观点是老一套了。
9. predominate： be superior in numbers ， etc. 占多数的。
如：Greens predominated in the picture .绿色植物是画中最醒目的。
presominate over胜过。
10. mold： work into a requied shape or from塑造。
如：Statues are molded out of bronze .雕像是用青铜铸成的。
He molded his style on the best writers . 他以第一流作者为榜样塑造了自己的文体。
Lesson Six 1. keep in touch with： contact保持联系。
如；Let's keep in touch . 让我们保持联系吧。
Keep in close touch with me . 与我保持密切联系。
2.（be） in for ： certain to undergo 不能避免。
如：The naughty boy is in for a beating . 淘气的男孩免不了要挨打。
We are in for a rainy season .我们不可避免要遭遇雨季。
It looks as if we're in for stormy weather .看那样子，似乎我们一定会遇到暴风雨。
3. reference： a mention， allusion 提及。
如：The court made numerous references to him as a witness. 法院经常传他去做证人。
4. in good spirits：情绪很好。
spirits ： [plural] mood with regard to great happiness or great sadness情绪。
如：I hope you will be in better spirits when we meet again.我希望我们下次见面时你
情绪会好些。
He is so depressed that I wonder who could lift his spirits.他非常沮丧，我不知他能
否振作起来。
5. embitter ： make bitter and angry使……怨恨。
如；being scolded without good reasons embittered him . 让人无端指责，他感到一腔怨
气。
en- ， em （在b ，p 前）加在名词或形容词上转成动词。
另如：enable（使能够）； enamor 引起……的爱；encase将……装入箱中；enchant 施以魔
法，使着迷。
embody具体体现； empower授权； emotionally使成紫色。
6. agitate： to disturb or excite emotionally 使不安，使兴奋。
如：His fiery speech agitated the crowd . 他的激情演讲让听众大为兴奋。
He was explaining the situation in an agitated manner . 他兴奋地说明着当时的情形。
agitate oneself over……为……独自焦虑。
如：Don't agitate yourself over such a thing .不要为这种事焦虑。
7. know of his whereabouts知道他的下落。
a ） know of： have heard about 听说过，知道（有……）。
如：Do you know of any cinema in this neighborhood？
你知道这小区里有电影院吗？
I know of a shop where you can get things like this . 我知道有一家商店，你可以买到
这样的东西。
I don't know him， but I know of him .我不认识他，但知道有这个人。
b ） whereabouts： the place where a person or thing is 下落，去向。
如：I'm still in the dark about his whereabouts.我仍然不知道他的下落。
8. inch ： move by small degrees缓慢行进。
如：The children inched through the traffic . 孩子们在拥挤的交通中缓慢前进。
I inched my way through the narrow space beeen the trucks . 9. tentative： a） of
the nature of an experiment 试验性的；b ） unsure ， not definite ， hesitant 犹豫。
a tentative arrangrment 临时安排/a tentative offer试验性建议10. scoff at： mock at
； jeer at：嘲笑，嘲弄。
如：You should not scoff at others' belief. 你不能嘲笑别人的信仰。
11. end up： reach a final state or condition 最后（有了某种结局），最后。
如：If you drive so rashly， you will end up in hospital .如果你这么鲁莽开车，最终
会住进医院的。
He ended up tired and broke . 他最后累垮了，破产了。
12. associate with： keep company with与……陪伴。
如：He didn't allow his daughter to associate with anyone who smoked or drank.他不
让他女儿与任何抽烟或喝酒的人为伍。
Whitman always assoisated with the working masses.惠特曼总是和工人阶级在一起。
Lesson Eight A Lesson in Living 1.inedible： not fit to be eaten不可食的，不宜食用
的2.swirl ：（ cause to ） move or flow at varying speeds ， with twise and turns 涡旋而动，
使打旋。
如：A gust of wind swirled dust about the streets . 阵风吹起灰尘弥漫大街。
The snow was swirling in the air .雪花在空中盘旋。
3.…… that would have peeled like a plum if snagged . peel ： came off in stips or
flakes剥落，脱皮。
如：The wall-paper seems to be peeling off .墙纸看来要剥落了。
4.let alone ： without reference to ， or considering 更不必说。
如； He doesn't have money for food ， let alone amusements.他连吃饭的钱都没有，更
甭说娱乐了。
5.incessant ： continual， often repeated ：不断的，不停的。
如：incessant chatter 喋喋不休；incessant rain连绵不断的雨。
6.It would be safe to say that……可以这么说……。
如； It would be safe to say that you would get nowhere if you are so lazy .可以这
么说，如果你这样懒惰，你将一事无成。
7.pick her way：慎行。
另如：pick one's words精选词语；pick flaws找碴；pick and steal小偷小摸；pick and choose
挑三拣四。
8.bear in mind： remember 记住。
如：Please bear in mind that we are friends . 请记住，我们是朋友。
9.infuse them with infuse ： fill 灌输。
如：The coach infused the team with enthusiasm .教练给队员注入了热情。
They tried to infuse them with new ideas .他试图给他们灌输新思路。
10.My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve ……
a. boggle ： to overwhelm or bewilder ， as with magnitude or complexity吃惊，受惊，
心惊肉跳b. deserve： be worthy of ……值得11. it follows that ……（由……推断）结果自然是
…… .如：From what he said ， it follows that he didn't like the girl .从他所说的推断，自
然是他不喜欢那女孩。
12. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.
a.根据上文* "that"可以理解为in that （即；因为）
b. that 后面是倒装句，正常语序应为：The collective…… was couched in those homely
sayings. c. homely： simple ， unpretentious； commonly known ， familiar 朴素的，不华丽的。
如：a homely meal 家常便饭。
d. couch： put（ a thought， etc， in words ）以某种措词表达。
如：They couched criticisms in factful language . 他们用事实的语言表达了批评。
13. search…… for the enchantment……： look through a place carefully in order to
find something missing； explore or examine in order to discover仔细寻找。
一般结构为：search + place +（for ） object . 如：He search every drawer for the notebook
. 为了找笔记本，他搜遍了每个抽屉。
I search my memory for his name . 我努力在记忆中寻找他的名字。
14. singled …… out： pick or choose （one ） from others单单挑出。
如：He singled me out for special mention . 他单单特别提到了我。
Why single him out for criticism？为什么就单单批评他？
15. take to ： to respond favorably to开始喜欢，迷上。
如：I took to literature long time ago .我很久以前就迷上文学。
Why did you take to bowling ？你为什么迷上保龄球？
16. trail off ： become gradually weaker and fade away（声音等）渐渐消失。
如：His voice trailed off into silence .他的声音慢慢消失，后来什么声音也没有了。
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 1. A. prominent anchorman warns of TV's adverse
effect on America's culture . a. prominent： outstanding， easily seen， important， distinguished
突出的，显著的，重要的，杰出的。
如：a prominent position / writer 显赫的地位、著名作家。
acquire / gain prominence 出人头地。
b. anchorman：（广播，电视）（新闻、体育等节目的）主持人。
c. adverse： unfavorable， contrary 不利的，负面的。
如：adverse circumstances 逆境； adverse effect 负面影响； a theory adverse to the
facts 与事实相反的理论。
developments adverse to our interests 与我们的利益相反的发展。
adversary ：（竞争中的）对手。
2. if you fit the statistical averages，……假若你处于平均数……
如；on an （the ） average平均起来，一般来说：On（an） the average， I finish reading
a book three weeks .一般而言，我平均三星期读完一本书。
He smoked about ten cigarettas a day on an average .他平均一天抽十根香烟。
3.（be） exposed to ： lay open to使暴露于……
如：Don't expose children to ill effects of the Internet .不要让孩子受因特网的负面
影响。
Her youth and beauty could expose her to danger . 她的年轻美貌可能为她招致危险。
如；exposure： n . He threatened me with public exposure .他威胁我要把我曝光。
Much exposure to different cultures is part and parcel of education . 大量接触不同
文化是教育的主要组成部分。
4.…… it discourages concentration . discourage（prevent ） sb. from ……使……放
弃如；The bad weather discouraged them from going out for the picnic .恶劣的天气使他们放弃
外出野炊的计划。
It is discouraging that ……很扫兴，……。
dis 加在名词、形容词、动词上，表示否定。
如；able - disable使残废； disasociation分离； discharge放电； discontinue中断； disease
疾病（由" 不舒适" 转危而来）
5. rewarding： affording satisfaction or valuable experience； affording material
gain有价值的，有益的。
如：a rewarding experience（effort）有益的经验（尝试）。
6. applied effort ：拚命努力apply oneself to努力进行，致力于。
如：It's hard to apply yourself to some dull work . 无聊的工作很难专心致志地干。
He applied himself to serious studies . 他专心致志进行严肃的研究。
7. The dullest， the least gifted of（最没有天赋的）can achieve things that seem miraculous
……
a. dull ： slow - witted愚钝的b. miraculous 奇迹般地，不可思议的。另如：work（ accomplish ）
a miracle 创造一个奇迹。
8. divert ： turn in another direction使转向； amuse， entertain娱乐，消遣。
如：Nothing could divert his attention from his book .没有什么能转移他读书的注意力。
The traffic was diverted onto a side road . 交通被引导到旁边的小路。
9. lead ： action of guiding or giving an example 领引，率先。
如：take the lead 领先； follow sb's lead 效法某人； gain the lead占居首位。
10. perpetual ： never-ending 永久的。如； perpetual chatter喋喋不休； perpetual motion
永恒运动。
11. usurp ： to seize and hold by force or without legal right篡夺，霸占，强夺篡权。
如：The assistant began to usurp his boss's authority . 助手开始篡夺老板的权力。
The duke attempted to usurp the throne .公爵试图篡夺王位。
12. surrender （ oneself） to ： to give（ oneself） up to some influence ， course ，
etc.沉溺于；沉迷于。
如：He surrendered to despair （ grief） .他沉溺于绝望（悲伤）。
He surrendered himself to a life of pleasure .他沉迷于享乐。
13.the surest way to do sth. is ……做某事的最可靠的方法是……
如：The surest way to succeed is to work hard.取得成功最可靠的方法是努力工作。
14. to strain the attention of strain ： make excessive demands upon使劲用，因过度
使用而伤害。
如：strain oneself竭尽全力，劳累过度。
He strained his voice to be heard above the noise 周围太吵，他强拉嗓子大喊，人们才
听得见他。
He strained every muscle to life the box .他用尽所有力气举起箱子。
15. inherent in ： existing as a permanent part or quality that cannot be taken out
固有的，与生具有的。
如：A love of peace is inherent in human nature . 热爱和平是人固有的本性。
16. …… had bequeathed to us tables of stone commanding that ……
a. bequeath ： hand down， pass on传给后代； to dispose of property or money by means
of will 立遗嘱赠与……
如：I bequeath all my worldly goods to my wife .我将我所有的财产赠与我的妻子。
One age bequeaths its civilization to the next .一个时代将其文明留给下一个时代。
b. tablets of stone 石碑。
17. package ： vt. to combine or offer as a single unit 把作为整体提出或推销。adj.
一揽子。
如：a package tour由旅行社代办一切的旅行；package deal整批交易。
18. pervade ： become spread throughout all parts of弥漫如：The smell of coffee pervaded
the air . 咖啡的气味弥漫在空中。
Practical ideas pervaded the whole land . 整个国家弥漫着实际的思想。
19. it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissable ……
a. ultimate ： furthest or farthest 最远的。如： an ultimate destination最终目的地。
decisive， conclusive 决定性的。如： the ultimate authority 最终权威。 final， total总数。
如： the ultimate cost最终成本。
b. dismiss： put aside from consideration 驱除。
如：He dismissed the idea for it was just too impractical . 他排除了这个观点，因为
那太不合实际了。
20. a substitute for……： a person or thing serving in place of another替代。
如：Guess work is no substitute for investigation . 猜测不能代替调查。
A substitute was sent in when one of the star players was injured . 一位主角受伤了，
就派来了一位替身。
substitute for：代替。
如：Who will substitute for you if you are ill？如果你病了，谁替你？
21. （ come ） fall short of： to fail to reach a standard， level， etc. 没达到，
赶不上。
如：His income may fall short of his needs .他的收入达不到他的需求。
The result fell short of our expectations . 结果大失我们所望。
22. wholesale ： in large amounts or on a large scale 大量地，不分青红皂白地。
如：The company fired people wholesale last year .公司去年大规模裁员。
wholesale 批发 - retail 零售。
Lesson Ten The Tenth Man 1. making his first entry……第一次进入。
另如：make a triumpohant entry凯旋进入；have free entry 可以自由进入。
2. abrupt ： subben or unexpected 突然。
如：an abrupt departure 突然离开。
3. sullen ： showing irritation or anger by a gloomy silence愠怒的。
4. indifferent： without interest or concern漠不关心，不在乎。
如： He seems indifferent to worldly success .他似乎不在乎名利。
5. draw or cast lots： to settle a question by the use of lots抽签。
6. be bound to do sth. bound： certain， sure 肯定。
如：We are bound to secceed . 我们肯定会成功。
7. refasten ： re + fasten fasten ： to attach firmly or securely in place or to something
else系牢，牢牢固定，绑住。
如：Please fasten your seat belt .请系牢你的安全带。
fasten a boat to the quay 把船系于码头。
8. may as well： used to express an opinion about a reason for doing or not doing
the action of the given verb还是做……的好；不妨……
如： If that's the case ， you may as well have a try . 如果情况果真如此，你不妨试
试看。
Now that you're here， you may as well make yourself useful . 既然你在这里，你还是
可以派上用场的。
9. mock ： fun of 嘲笑。
如：His writings mocked the follies of the age .他的著作嘲笑了那个时代的愚蠢。
The naught boy mocked his queer accent .淘汰的男孩嘲笑他奇怪的口音。
His irresponsibilty mocked my trust in him .他的不负责任嘲弄了我对他的信任。
10. nag at： be a constant source of unease or irritation to使苦恼不己。
如：The debt nagged at his conscience . 债务让他的良心痛苦不己。
11. narrow： limit， or restrict限制。
如：The detectives narrowed the search to just three suspects . 侦探将调查对象限制
到三个嫌犯。
decrease缩小。
如：The gap between the rich and the poor should be narrowed .贫富的差距应该缩小。
12. consent ： to permit， approve， or agree 同意，批准。
如：My father didn't consent to our agreement at first .我父亲最初不同意我们结婚。
We consented to a temporany agreement . 我们达成临时协议。
by common consent 经一致同意。
13. implore ： beg urgently ； beseech恳求。
如： I implored your forgiveness .我恳求你宽恕我。
She implored him for mercy .她恳求他宽容她。
We implored him to stay on .我们恳求他再呆下去。
14. sum up：总结。
如： We summed up merits and demerits of the scheme . 我们总结了这个计划的优缺点。
Could you sum up the main points of the lesson？你能否总结本课的要点？
Lesson Twelve Why I Write 1. outrage： v. offend greatly触犯，违反。如：outrage common
sense 违反常识。
2. sooner or later：迟早。如：Sooner or later ， you will get yourselves deeply involved
in trouble. 你迟早会让自己陷入麻烦之中。He would， sooner or later， realize the importance
of… 他迟早会意识到……的重要性。
3. somewhat ： in some measure or degree； to some extent. 往往后跟形容词。 如：
The result was somewhat surprising. 结果有些让人感到吃惊。 He looked somewhat annoyed. 他
显得有些不高兴。
4. facility ： ability to perform something easily灵巧，便利，熟练。如： He translated
sth with great facility.他翻译时驾轻就熟。He showed facility in painting. 他在画画方面显得
很熟练。
5. narcissism ：自恋，（精神分析）自我陶醉症。Narcissus （希腊神话）（爱上自己映在
水中姿影的美少年，溺死后化为水仙花。）
6. filter through ： pass or slip through slowly渗出，（光等）漏出透至。如：The new
ideas are filtering into the children's minds.孩子们脑中出现了新的思想。Sunlight filtered
through the window. 夕阳从窗户透进房间。Foreign influence began to filter into the country.
外国的影响开始渗透进我国。
7. meticulous ：taking or showing extreme care about small details. 过分仔细的。如
：She is meticulous in her dress. 她对衣服极其在意。He is very meticulous in checking his
accounts. 他在查帐方面非常仔细。Our meticulous secretary never forgets anything . 我们仔细
的秘书从不会忘记什么。
8. arresting： attracting attention ； striking.迷人的。如：a person of arresting
good looks有迷人的面貌的人。An arresting sight一个引人注目的景象。
9. assess ： evaluate 评估。如； assess the importance of …/the value of …评估…
…的重要性/ 价值； assess the situation 审时度势。assessment n . 10. discipline ： train
and control the mind控制。如：You should learn to discipline yourself more. 你应该学会更
好地控制自己。
11. vary from …to…随着……而变化。如：Prices of vegetables vary from season to season
. 蔬菜价格随季节变化而变化。Opinions vary from individual to individual. 仁者见仁，智者见
智。
12. strive after， for / against： to struggle hard to get or conquer 为……奋斗。
如：strive for freedom / excellence 追求自由/ 卓越。
13. outweigh： to be more important than比………更重要，胜过。 如：My love for my
parents outweighs everything else. 我对父母的爱重于一切。 Do the advantages outweigh the
disadvantages ？ 有利因素大于不利因素吗？
14. guise ： general outside appearance 外观。如： an old idea in a new guise 新瓶
装旧酒。 in the guise of…… 打扮。 如： a thief in the guise of a salesman 打扮成推销员
的小偷。
15. reconcile my ingrained likes and dislikes with… a. reconcile ： accept or be
resigned to something not desired.使和解，调解； 使能安于，将就接受。如： He had to reconcile
himself to his fate . 他必须接受自己的命运。 reconcile work and rest 劳逸结合。 He could
not reconcile himself to such a low position . 他不能安于这样低的地位。 reconcile one's
ideal with reality 使理想与实际一致。 b. ingrained根深蒂固的。如： ingrained morality 根
深蒂固的德行。
Lesson Thirteen Work 1. exceedingly irksome a. exceeding：extraordinary or exceptional
exceedingly ：extremely 极其。 b. irksome irk： to annoy ， esp . in a provoking or tedious
way 令人讨厌。 如： It irks ane to do such tedious work. 做这样无聊的工作让我相一致感到
厌烦 。 irksome； tending to irk 令人厌倦的，厌烦的。 －some .加在名词、动词或形容词上构
成形容词。另如： lonesome 孤独的，冷落的； guarrelsome受吵架的； troublesome 麻烦的； wearisome
使人疲劳的，令人厌烦的。
2. an excess of work… excess ： more than or above what is necessary 超过部分，过
多。如： You should pay for the excess. 你应该支付超过部分。 Excess of sorrow laughs ， excess
of joy weeps. 悲极而笑，喜极而泣。 an excess of anger / an excess of enthasiasm极其愤怒/
热情。carry something to excess 把事情做得过火。 in excess of超过。如： He spent in excess
of his income . 他过度奢侈，入不敷出。
3. provided （that）：conj . if and only if ； on condition that .如果，只要。如：
Provided（that） there is no opposition ， we shall proceed to carry out the plan.如果没有
反对，我们就开始执行计划。 Provided you pay him he will take the work.如果你给他钱，他会干
那活。
4. mere relief of tedium relief ： feeling of comfort at the ending of anxiety， fear
or pain 放松。如：What a relief ！ 心里多么放松啊！ relief of pain /anxiety 缓解痛楚/ 紧
张。
5. at a loss： bewildered or uncertain 不知所措。如： For a moment I was at a loss.
有一阵子我不知所措。He was at a loss for an explanation of the affair.他不知道该如何解释那
件事。We are at a loss to understand his motive.我们对于他的动机一点也不能理解。
6. drudgery ：苦工 drudge：a person who does menial， dull or hard work. 勤苦地做
单调乏味的苦工的人。
7.sensation （s ）： widespread excitement or interest.轰动。
8. first and foremost ：首先，最主要的。如：Though he has written many books， he's
first and foremost a poet.尽管他写过几本书，他首先是个诗人。 First and foremost， we must
have freedom. 最重要的是同我们必须有自由。
9. impair ： to make worse； damage 损害。如：His reputation was impaired by his mistakes.
他的声誉受到他的错误的损害。His excessive work impaired his health. 他过度的工作损害了他的
健康。
10.procure：obtain sth. by careful attention or effort获得。如： He procured me employment.
他为我谋得一份工作。
11.at large （放在名词后面）：as a whole整个的，一般的。如： Boys at large like sports.
男孩一般喜爱运动。 the public at large 社会大众。
12.in the long run： in the end.从长远来说，最后。如： lu the long run， you have
to pay the price for your follies.你最终要为你的愚蠢付出代价。 You will benefit in the long
run.你最终会受益。
13.has acquired his maximum skill maximum ：（being ） the highest amount ， value，
or degree that can be reached 最大限度。如： My maximum is 240. 我最高记录是240 分。 He smokes
a maximum of 30 cigarettes a day. 他最多一天抽30根香烟。 My salary is not at its maximum
yet.我的工资还未到最高水平。 It requires your maximum effort.这件事要求你做出最大努力。
maximize：最大化。 如： maximize one's potential / profits 最大限度发挥潜力/ 获得利益。
反义词： minimum最少。 如：It requires a minimum of five day's work. 这最少需要五天工作。
a minimum of temperature / wage / height最低气温/ 工资/ 身高。 minimize the consequences
/ the risks. / the formalities将后果/ 风险/ 手续减到最少。
14.at any rate：in any event； in any case不管怎样。如：I will leave him alone at
any rate. 无论如何，我不会理他。
15.apt：likely， having a tendency常会，容易（有某种倾向）。如：A careless person
is apt to make mistakes.粗心的人容易犯错误。Lesson Fourteen I would Like to Tell You Something
1.testify to： give or provide evidence about something 证明。I'll testify to his exceptional
ability. How can you testify to the reliability of the wit ness ？ vt. His words testify his
reluctance to help me. His tears testificd his grief. vi. state or declare under oath ， usually
in court作证。 n. testimony： bear （be） testimony of 表明。 Winning the scholarship is
testimony of intelligence. 2.be tantamount t adj. equivalent in effect or meaning （实质上）
等于，相当于。如：His answer is tantamount to a refusal. 3.rampant： growing or spreading
steadily and without stopping ； widespread ； a rampant rumor（disease ）
4.take…lying down甘心接受（不愉快情况）。如： He took the defeat lying down. I cannot
take that insult lying down. 5.not give a damn：一点不在乎。 I dow't give a damn what they
say. 我一点也不在乎他们说什么。
6.what if …假使……又怎样？What will happen if … What if he fails to help us？ What
if they should be in love ？
7.in terms of ： with regard to ， concerning 就……。来说，从……角度。如：In terms
of salary ， the job is guite good. In terms of natural resources ， it is one of the richest
countries in the world. 8.want n. ：lack， absence， or need； often in the phr. for/from
want of 由于缺乏。如：The plants died for/from want of water. 9.spuander： spend foolishly
； use up waste fully. Lesson Fifteen The Beauty Inaustry 1. substantially： to a large degree
大体上，基本上。如：Their opinions are substantially the same. His criticism is substantially
correct. 2. prodigious： a. extraordinary in size ， amount ， etc. 巨大的，莫大的。prodigal
a . 浪费的，挥霍的，放荡的。
3. cult of beauty 对美的崇拜 the cult of surfing 冲浪狂 the personality cult
个人崇拜4. retrench ： to reduce or diminish， esp. so as to economize减少，节省。如：The
company began to retrench its work force. 5. be preoccupied with：专注于，有心事，如：When
he is preoccupied with his hobby， he is oblivious of what is going on around him. They were
preoccupied with their thoughts. 6. intrinsically ——inftrinsic： belonging to or being part
of a thing by its value 本来具有的，固有的。如：intrinsic value 内在价值 intrinsic energy
内能。
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