我爱英语网 > 英语学林 > 英语论文 > 翻译理论研究 > 《喜福会》的翻译策略:华裔美国文学翻译实例

《喜福会》的翻译策略:华裔美国文学翻译实例

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论文名称: 《喜福会》的翻译策略:华裔美国文学翻译实例
论文名称: Translation Strategies for The Joy Luck Club:A Case Study of Chinese American Literature

关键词:

喜福会 The Joy Luck Club
翻译 translation
华裔美国文学 Chinese American Literature
翻译策略 translation strategy
双语文本 bilingual
双文化 bicultural
中英互文 intertext
谭恩美 Amy Tan

[摘要]

近年来,优秀的华裔美国作家人才辈出,在学术界、艺文界、电影界皆引起了广泛的研究
与讨论,华裔美国文学也首度正式纳入美国文学史的范畴。双文化的小说背景及中英文互
文的对话叙述,使得华裔美国文学成为一种特殊文类。由于小说以英文写成,设定的主要
读者群为西方文化中的英文读者,对东方色彩浓厚的小说多少抱有好奇、探索的心态;作
者不论是为迎合读者对东方世界的想象,抑或为营造真实感及临场感而使用某些写作技巧
,华美文学的叙述中多的是汉语拼音、文物、节庆、习俗、迷信乃至迥异于西方世界的思
维和逻辑,这种种的布局与呈现,在英文读者所产生的效果自然是陌生、新奇而充满异国
风味的。然而,同样的故事转换时空,回头面对中文读者时,将带来某些截然不同的效果
和反应。异国风情变成熟悉不过的文化写照,作者原先必要的解释与说明反而成为多余。
这是本论文翻译策略切入之处,由于文本的特殊性,使得译者的介入与操纵明显,也使得
翻译策略运用的讨论格外有意义。译者是否只是照原文忠实翻译,还是应主动化为作者的
替身,替作者为不同语言、文化的读者重新写一次故事?目前为止,大部份的相关研究着
重在族裔、性别、自我认同、婚姻等方面,本论文将由翻译的角度出发,探讨此一特殊文
类的翻译问题。
第一章简介华美文学的特性、翻译现况、本论文研究的例子《喜福会》及其作者谭恩美。
第二章针对作为翻译文本的华美文学,探讨其双文化、双语言的特性,并借用苏珊.巴斯
内(Susan Bassnett)有关强势语言与弱势语言的相关论述,雷飞维(Andre Lefevere)及凡
努提(Lawrence Venuti)等人「翻译是政治活动」的看法,从后殖民的角度来颠覆译者/译
本与作者/原著的传统主从关系与定位,并揭露译者在翻译过程中所进行的干涉,及操纵文
字的权力。一旦体认「介入」无可避免,翻译策略的重要性与形塑文化的影响力便清晰可
见。
第三章以华美作家谭恩美(Amy Tan)的畅销小说《喜福会》The Joy Luck Club为研究文本
,针对其中「逆向翻译」(或回译)、中文叙述部分、必要之添译或略译、拼音处理、惯
用语、双语的呈现、翻译障碍(洋泾滨英语),以及中英文在小说中所附属的指标意义与
文化意涵等,提出翻译策略,并藉此凸显译者在原文─译文的转换过程中的介入。
在第四章中,笔者就某些传统中国色彩强烈的段落,依据第三章所提翻译策略,进行翻译
实作,将结果与于人瑞所译之《喜福会》中译本(联合文学,1991)提供对比及评论。这
样的比较,即在证明译者握有操纵译文的权力,译者比较像是替作者重写了一次小说,不
过这一次是特地为中文读者而写。译者不是也不该隐形,而「正名」之后的权利与义务,
才是接下来待努力的方向。
本论文将研究重心置于翻译策略的运用、及其对译文的影响,提供翻译华美文学作品时应
注意的问题及处理方法,以期提升华美文学的翻译品质。另一方面也期望提倡译界对「翻
译策略」概念的重视,在翻译活动日益频繁的今日,在兼顾读者知的权利原则下,作一个
负责而有自觉的译者,将翻译提升为原文的重生,而非机械式转换活动的产物。

[摘要]

While Chinese American literature is thriving in the United States, and 
recently in Taiwan’s academic field, the translation of the genre (back) into 
Chinese, as well as the discussion of it, has not been treated with equal 
attention.
As a source text, Chinese American literature is unique in the following 
aspects. First of all, it resembles a post-colonial text in its juxtaposition 
of a powerful American culture/English and a relatively less advantaged 
Chinese culture/Chinese. It bears a similar characteristic of bilingual inter-
text. Secondly, it involves a considerable amount of description of the author
’s imagined past of the “mother country,” that is, life back in China or 
among overseas Chinese people. In this part, the author uses techniques such 
as borrowing Chinese idioms and metaphors, and romanizing Chinese saying in 
dialogues. Concerning these factors, a translator should develop a solution to 
each specific condition. Instead of translating word for word and passively 
shunning responsibility, s/he should work out feasible strategies and 
therefore makes his/her existence and intervention visible to the readers.
This study is an attempt to propose a possible strategy to translating Chinese 
American works, using Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club as an example. The 
intentionally created “exotic” atmosphere, which permeates the original 
novel, will obviously lose its expected impact when translated into Chinese. 
Thus, translation of the Chinese description has to undergo a “de-
exoticization” process, otherwise the representation would appear awkward and 
misplaced for Chinese readers, to whom the exquisitely designed exotic parts 
turn to be the most familiar ones.
Translation is about intermediating and manipulating. As Susan Bassnett points 
out, “Contemporary studies on translation are aware of the need to examine in 
depth the relationship between the production of knowledge in a given culture 
and its transmission, relocation, and reinterpretation in the target culture.
” In the second half of the twentieth century, Bassnett and other scholars, 
such as Lawrence Venuti, Andre Lefevere, Tejaswini Niranjana, to name but a 
few, have made a point. And this thesis sounds a respond to it by proving how 
a tailor-made translation strategy can make a difference.

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