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探讨谭恩美的《喜福会》和《接骨师的女儿》中双重文化的处境
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论文名称: 探讨谭恩美的《喜福会》和《接骨师的女儿》中双重文化的处境
论文名称: Exploring Between-world Situations in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club and The Bonesetter's Daughter
论文页数: 92
关键词:
性别认同 the mother-daughter relationships
东方主义 the between-world situations
母性传承 the double-voiced discourse
亚裔文学 othering
双重文化的处境 voice and silence
女性小说 the maternal heritage
母女关系
中文摘要
谭恩美是当代最受嘱目的华裔美籍作家之一，她以第二代华裔美国人的双重身份，用英文写作族裔经验，并藉由其母亲在中国发生的故事，建构和想象中国的文化传统。她的第一本小说《喜福会》于1989年出版后，即广受美国市场好评，同时登上畅销排行榜。2001年的作品《接骨师的女儿》问世后，依旧风行美国；延续《喜福会》里一贯的写作风格，书中我们依然可看到她交错运用不同的叙述观点来说故事，串连起母亲和女儿、中国和美国、过去和现在。然而，有别于《喜福会》中着重四对母女八个角色的探讨，这次她把重点集中在同一族系里三代的女人身上，透过层层铺陈，揭示其中母女关系的爱恨情仇，并非单单来自母女间的代沟问题，还来自语言障碍、文化差异、阶级落差以及美国化深浅程度不同种种因素，进而导致其价值观上的相异。
谭恩美小说里的女人们一生中都在进行自我探寻的旅程：如何在母女关系与双重文化价值观中寻求一个平衡点以及摸索出适切的身分认同。作者并不提供一个完美的结局，只娓娓叙述女儿们如何透过母亲的指引在双重文化的困境中表达自我；而母亲原来并不只如女儿想象一般，仅作为中国文化的代表，事实上她们的某些想法和作为似乎比女儿更美国化，她们希望创造更好的机会和环境让女儿能在美国出人头地，并且能同时拥有中西文化的优点。虽然双重文化的背景提供左右逢源的机会，然而，若不能好好利用，也可能落入两边都不是、不中也不西的窘境。小说里的女主角都还在摸索如何在双重文化的背景下找到最利于自己生存的方法，她们或许还没有充分找到自我，但至少从母女渐渐互相妥协和解的情节里，读者看到了希望。本论文探究因文化冲突、语言隔阂、甚至阶级差异，而造成更复杂的母女关系，并进而讨论在双重文化的处境里，这些女儿们在经历与母亲冲突和磨擦的过程之后，如何撷取中西文化上的特点来适应美国情境和完成女性主体认同的建构。 本篇论文分成三个章节进行：第一章讨论女人们如何藉由声音和缄默来表达情感和沟通想法；第二章讨论母女之间的中西对立状态，与女儿们如何将母亲他者化的过程；最后一章则在强调母女之间难分难舍的爱恨情仇，及女儿们如何藉由认同或是反抗母亲来寻找自我为。从小说里的情节安排来看，母女之间血浓于水的联系可以超越代沟及文化隔阂。最后女儿们藉由母性传承提供正面的协助，进而解决她们在双重文化中遭遇到的问题。
English Abstract
Amy Tan has been viewed as one of the most important contemporary female writers in Asian American literature. Her first and foremost novel The Joy Luck Club (1989) has been favorably accepted by the mass market and the academic institution. Tan’s latest work The Bonesetter’s Daughter (2001) continues to draw a large readership. This novel, like The Joy Luck Club, bridges two different contexts: between mother and daughter, China and America, past and present. Both novels are characterized by her familiar technique of employing different narrative perspectives to tell stories and reveal secrets. Unlike The Joy Luck Club with the octet of characters, including four mother-daughter pairs, The Bonesetter’s Daughter aims at a matrilineage of three heroines. This thesis aims to analyze the intricate relationships between mothers and daughters in Tan’s two novels and the constantly evolving course, i.e., from resistance to reconciliation, in which the daughter heroines struggle for self-assertion through the maternal heritage in between-world situations.
This thesis is divided into three chapters. The notion of double-voiced discourse is used to discuss the heroines’ voice and silence in chapter one, arguing that both voice and silence are ways of expression. Chapter two explores the dichotomy between the daughters’ Americanness and their mothers’ Chineseness and analyzes how the daughters orientalize their mothers in order to define their distinctiveness. The final chapter illustrates how the daughters express their ambivalent feelings toward their mothers in their contrasting demands for individuation and connection with them and how the maternal heritage provides some positive support for the daughters to solve their problems. Toward the end of the two novels, the unbreakable bond between mothers and daughters supersedes the generation and cultural gap.
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