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从《呼啸山庄》的心理分析探讨爱艾米莉.勃朗特的内心世界
我爱英语网 http://www.52en.com
论文名称: 从《呼啸山庄》的心理分析探讨爱艾米莉.勃朗特的内心世界
论文名称: A Psychological Study of Wuthering Heights: Understanding Emily Bronte
关键词:
艾米莉.勃朗特 Emily Bronte
呼啸山庄 Wuthering Heights
叙述者 narrator
心理分析 psychological analysis
[摘要]
艾米莉.勃朗特唯一的小说《呼啸山庄》中深刻无悔的爱情故事震撼了每一个读者的心。呼啸山庄故事由洛克伍德揭开序幕，局外人偶然踏入呼啸山庄的世界，与山庄人会合邂逅，再藉由山庄中旁观者奈莉娓娓道来庄中地主希斯克里夫与凯瑟琳的过去。双重叙述的架构及叙述者说故事中隐约可见的隐瞒偏见显示作者刻意安排双重不可靠叙述者的架构，而此不平衡的发展故事提示《呼啸山庄》的主题：激烈的情感将影响所有环绕在情感风暴四周的人；偶然入侵者洛克伍德无法置身于激情之外不受改变，常年的旁观者奈莉亦复如此。本论文旨在由心理分析讨论作者安排不可靠的双重叙述者之用意，再进而研究作者的内心世界。
[摘要]
Bronte’s Wuthering Heights has been controversial since it was
published. Douglas Jerrold’s review in the Weekly Newspaper January 1848,
for instance, refers to Wuthering Heights as a “strange sort of book
—baffling all regular criticism” concerning “brutal cruelty, and semi-
savage love”, Jerrold states that there is “great power in this book but a
purposeless power” and speaks of readers’ being “shocked, disgusted, almost
sickened by details of cruelty, inhumanity, and the most diabolical hate and
vengeance, and anon come passages of power testimony to the supreme power of
love—even over demons in the human form.” Sydney Dobell however one of the
few critics at that time taking sides with Emily Bronte, translates the
notorious wildness, ferocity and rudeness into the inevitable expression of
one of two natures which not only generally coexist in the human mind but also
give rise to mental struggles in human life. Today, Wuthering Heights has
proved to be a classic in the eyes of critics. This thesis hopes to
contribute to its worth by examining the roles and the reliability of the two
narrators, Lockwood and Nelly Dean by the psychological approach.
The thesis will be divided into five parts, together with an introduction.
The method of the psychological approach will be explained, especially the
relationships between unconsciousness and dreams in interpreting characters
will be discussed in introduction. Consciousness is used to denote the
specific mental process that each human being has. Psychologists have made
great efforts in exploring the essence of consciousness and how it hides the
unconscious. Freud has studied the idea of unconsciousness and concluded, “
Most of the individual’s mental processes are unconscious.” Freud’s own
disciple, Carl Gustav Jung, also concentrates on the study of the unconscious
and dream analysis. Jung later broke with Freud because of their different
ways of interpreting dreams. The importance and meanings of dreams and this
interpretation will be crucial in understanding man’s unconsciousness.
Chapter I will discuss the possibility of psychoanalyzing Wuthering Heights.
Wuthering Heights can be seen as a dream of Emily Bronte and then by
interpreting the dream Wuthering Heights, we get a chance to see through into
the soul and mind of Emily Bronte.
In Chapter Two and Chapter Three the actual characters of the third
person narrators, Lockwood and Nelly, will be examined by their words, actions
and views. Wuthering Heights is first narrated by Lockwood, an outsider who
later becomes a participant, and then by Nelly, a questionable nurse who knows
much of the history of the families. The story begins in 1801 with Lockwood’
s recounting, “1801—I have just returned from a visit to my landlord—the
solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with.” Then at the middle of
chapter 4, Nelly takes over the role of the narrator and starts to tell
Lockwood and also the reader the history of Wuthering Heights. Afterwards the
stories of both narrators interweave. If the step-relations and adopted
relations in the story were not sufficiently puzzling, Lee suggests that Emily
Bronte gave the narrative to these different people alternating as what they
had been told with what they actually witnessed this to make it more opaque. (
Allott 100) Examining the words and actions carefully, the accuracy of both
narrators remains questionable. The narratives of Lockwood and Nelly contain
their own mental exercises and preferences. In using the psychological
approach the characters of Lockwood and Nelly will be examined as well as the
contents of the “story” they tell.
Chapter Four examines the messages Emily Bronte has psychologically
hidden behind the narrators. We believe that it is both the author’s
deliberate and undeliberate devices to give the readers of Wuthering Heights
their own Wuthering Heights. That is, Emily Bronte purposely creates a novel
where readers will have different versions when interpreting it. It is Emily
Bronte’s intention that makes the main narrators questionable and by doing so
creates a strong emotional effect that in turn involves the readers themselves
within the story—Wuthering Heights. Robert Rogers points out, “…writers
reveal instinctual or repressed selves in their books, often without realizing
that they have done so.” (Peterson, 308)
This fourth section will stress how Emily Bronte reveals much of her
own experience both consciously and unconsciously. Consciously she borrows
the settings of Haworth, unconsciously she projects her emotions in the
characters. Her favor for Heathcliff shows in the novel and attracts
different opinions among critics to judge this confusing protagonist.
Chapter Five examines Wuthering Heights as a dream and, the poet/novelist
Emily Bronte as a patient who makes the dream. The repressed self is to
discovered when interpreting the dream. Henderson declares that “the artist
is not merely a mouthpiece for the unconscious.” (54) Emily Bronte’s “dream
” satisfies her desire to be a writer of published books and successfully
expresses the name of the novel by designing the unreliable narrators. The
world of the novel contains an emotional tempest so that anyone involved in
that world cannot stay without being influenced. The two narrators’
subjective injustice narrations hint at the name and the theme of the novel.
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