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漂泊与重置：汤亭亭《金山勇士》中文化认同之追寻
我爱英语网 http://www.52en.com
论文名称: 漂泊与重置：汤亭亭《金山勇士》中文化认同之追寻
论文名称: Rootlessness and Relocation: The Search for Cultural Identity in Maxine Hong Kingston's China Men
关键词:
文化认同 Relocation
Cultural identity
Rootlessness
Racism
Class
American Dream
Schizophrenia
Racial shadow
Territoriality
Third Space
Double consciousness
Third Space
[摘要]
本篇论文主要探讨华裔作家汤亭亭《金山勇士》里中国移民在美国社会的漂泊与重
置。漂泊是指这群移民在美国社会无法落地生根的处境，而重置是指汤婷婷如何透过写作
为他们重新建立文化认同感。
迫于家乡经济贫困及社会动荡，这群中国男性移民至需要其劳力工作的美国以寻求
更好的生活环境，这样的原因使他们的迁移成为一趟回不了家的单向旅程。因此，他们必
须重新在美国社会落地生根。但因种族歧视和白人优越感使得中国劳工受到美国社会的不
平等对待，造成这些中国移民既不能赚取足够的金钱让他们的家人移民至美国，也无法让
自己在美国落地生根，被排除在这个社会之外。
本篇论文除了探讨中国移民在美国漂泊的外在原因，也从移民者的内心角度来分析
无根的问题。由于他们既是中国人也是美国人，拥有双重意识，所以承受着内心分裂之苦
，这样的情况影响他们在美国的生活。探究作者在书中陈述的例子，有两类移民者无法让
自己在美国落地生根，一种是渴望回到过去时光者，一种为刻意摆脱过去而积极适应美国
生活的人。此两类人无法在双重身分中找到平衡点，再加上白人社会的排华，致使他们在
美国成为漂泊无根之人。
在了解这群中国移民的困境后，本论文探讨汤亭亭如何透过写作来解决中国移民的
无根问题。藉由将移民者的劳力与美国土地作一连结，以及将中国传奇故事移植至美国背
景下，作者以此宣示美国是他们的土地。此外，作者也在书中创造出一个中国文化与美国
文化互相交织而成的新华裔文化，藉此为中国祖先及其后代子孙建立文化认同感。透过作
者的写作技巧，中国移民的双重意识得以获得调和，而且也赋予美国华裔文化新的意义。
[摘要]
This thesis focuses on Chinese immigrants’ rootlessness and relocation
in American society as described in Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men.
Rootlessness here means that these Chinese immigrants can’t root themselves
in America, and relocation means how Kingston reinvents a new cultural
identity for them through writing.
Pushed by poverty and social turmoil in their homeland, these China men
migrate to Hawaii or America, where their labor is needed, in search of a
better living. Since their migration is a one-way trip, they must locate
themselves in this society. However, due to the white men’s racism and faith
in their own superiority, they squeeze the China men’s labor with lower
salaries and keep them as outsiders. These Chinese immigrants can neither earn
enough money to bring their families to America nor root themselves in
American society.
Aside from analyzing the external factors which prevent these China men
from relocating, this thesis also explores the reasons why they can’t root
themselves from a psychological point of view. Owing to their double
consciousness of being either Chinese or American, they suffer from the mental
condition of split selves, which disturbs their new life. From the example of
the China men that Kingston depicts, two kinds of immigrants who have
difficulties in relocating in America are categorized for discussion: they are
the man who longs for the past intensely and the one who discards the past
deliberately and tries hard to adapt to their American lives. These Chinese
immigrants can’t find a balance between their dual contexts and encounter
difficulty in adaptating to white society due to their Chinese race, so they
are unable to relocate themselves in America.
Having examined these China men’s rootless situation in American
society, this thesis finally discusses how Kingston as a descendent of these
Chinese immigrants solves their dilemma of being either Chinese or Americans
in her writing. By connecting these China men to the soil with their labor and
transplanting Chinese legends into an American context, Kingston claims
America for them. Moreover, she creates a new space where Chinese and American
cultures interweave in a new cultural hybridity, thus establishing an identity
as Chinese Americans for her ancestors and future generations. Through her
writing, these China men’s dilemma of double contexts is reconciled and the
new meaning of Chinese Americans in America is invented.
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